NIC PERSONNEL

Christopher A. Kojm
Chairman, National Intelligence Council

Christopher A. Kojm assumed his duties as Chairman of the National Intelligence Council on 6 July 2009. Prior to his appointment, he had served two years as a Professor of International Affairs Practice at the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University and directed the Master of International Policy and Practice (mid-career) program.

Mr. Kojm served in 2006 as a Senior Adviser to the Iraq Study Group, co-chaired by former Secretary of State James A. Baker III and former Rep. Lee H. Hamilton. From 2004 to 2005 and again in spring 2006 Mr. Kojm was a visiting professor at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University.

Mr. Kojm served as Deputy Director of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (the 9/11 Commission) in 2003 and 2004. Afterward he was President of the 9/11 Public Discourse Project, a non-profit dedicated to public education about the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission.

Mr. Kojm held the post of Deputy Assistant Secretary for Intelligence Policy and Coordination, in the Department of State's Bureau of Intelligence and Research from 1998 to 2003. Previously, from 1984 to 1998, he had served as a staff member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee under former Chair and Ranking Member Lee H. Hamilton.

From 1979 to 1984 Mr. Kojm was a writer and editor with the Foreign Policy Association in New York City. He earned a Master's Degree in Public Affairs from Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School in 1979 and an AB from Harvard College in History in 1977.

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Joseph W. Gartin was appointed Vice Chairman in March 2011. Over the past 25 years, he has served in a variety of leadership and analytic positions with the Central Intelligence Agency, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the former National Photographic Interpretation Center, and the former Intelligence Community Staff's Committee for Imagery Requirements and Exploitation. Immediately prior to joining the NIC, he served as Director for Leadership, Diversity, and Language Programs in CIA's Directorate of Intelligence, providing corporate oversight of SI efforts to recruit, develop, and retain a world-class workforce. Previous assignments include Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for the President's Daily Briefing; Director and Deputy Director of CIA's Office of Asian Pacific, Latin American, and African Analysis; and Issue Manager for Southeast Asia. He served on the CIA Korea Task Force during the mid-1990s and at a reconnaissance satellite operations center in the early 1990s. A Pacific Northwest native, Mr. Gartin holds degrees from Pacific Lutheran University and Georgetown University, and he has completed the Kellogg School Executive Leadership Seminar, ODNI Joint Leadership Development Course for Senior Officers, and Harvard Kennedy School Leadership Decision Making.

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Sean Kanuck was appointed as the first National Intelligence Officer for Cyber Issues in May 2011. Mr. Kanuck came to the NIC after a decade of experience in the CIA's Information Operations Center, including both analytic and field assignments. In his Senior Analytic Service role, he was a contributing author for the 2009 White House Cyberspace Policy Review, an Intelligence Fellow with the Directorates for Cybersecurity and Combating Terrorism at the National Security Council, and a member of the US delegation to the UN Group of Governmental Experts on international information security.

Prior to government service, Mr. Kanuck practiced law with Skadden Arps et al. in New York, where he specialized in mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance, and banking matters. He is a member of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, and his academic publications focus on information warfare and international law. Mr. Kanuck holds degrees from Harvard University (A.B., J.D.), the London School of Economics (M.Sc.), and the University of Oslo (LL.M.).

Dr. Heer joined the NIC from the CIA, where he was a member of the Senior Analytic Service in the Directorate of Intelligence. During his CIA career, he worked as a political and foreign policy analyst on China and Southeast Asia, and as an analytical manager and editor.

Dr. Heer was a Visiting Intelligence Fellow on the Council on Foreign Relations (1999-2000) and was elected a Member of the Council on Foreign Relations in 2001. He holds a Bachelor of Arts from Loras College (Dubuque, Iowa), a Master of Arts in History from the University of Iowa, and a Ph.D. in Diplomatic History from The George Washington University.

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Mr. Roger Kubarych was appointed the National Intelligence Officer for Economic Issues in February 2010. Mr. Kubarych brings vast experience - over forty years - in international economic and financial issues. He served with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the New York Stock Exchange and was the Chief US Economist for one of the largest European banks. He also served on former DCI George Tenet's Economic Advisory Panel. Most recently he was the Henry Kaufman Senior Fellow for International Economics and Finance at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York. Mr. Kubarych has Master's degrees in Economics from Harvard University and from Oxford University.

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Dr. Karen Donfried served as the Executive Vice President of the German Marshall Fund of the United States through October 2010. In that role, she provided strategic direction to GMF's programs on transatlantic relations, oversaw and helped manage GMF's headquarters in Washington and its seven offices in Europe, and worked closely with GMF's Board of Trustees. Dr. Donfried had returned to GMF in 2005 as senior director for policy programs following an extended leave of absence during which she served in the U.S. Department of State. While at the State Department from October 2003 through May 2005, Dr. Donfried handled the Europe portfolio on the Policy Planning Staff in the Office of the Secretary of State. She previously served as GMF's director of foreign policy and, prior to that, worked as a European Affairs specialist in the Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division of the Congressional Research Service (CRS). She has written extensively on German foreign and defense policy, European integration, and transatlantic relations. She also appears regularly on U.S. and European television and radio. She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the American Council on Germany.

Education: Dr. Donfried completed a Ph.D. and MALD at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University and a Magister at the University of Munich in Germany. She holds a bachelor's degree in government and German from Wesleyan University in Connecticut.

Languages: She speaks fluent German in addition to her native English, and has limited fluency in French.

Honors: Dr. Donfried was awarded the Cross of the Order of Merit by the German government in January 2011, and the Belgian government made her an Officer of the Order of the Crown in February 2010. She received a Superior Honor Award from the U.S. Department of State in January 2005 for her contribution to revitalizing the transatlantic partnership.

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Mr. Andrew Claster was appointed as National Intelligence Officer for North Korea in May 2011. He joined the National Intelligence Council in September 2010 as a Deputy National Intelligence Officer for East Asia

Mr. Claster has served since 1979 as an analyst in the Director of Intelligence at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) covering China, Cuba, and North Korea. He is a member of CIA's Senior Analytical Service.

Mr. Claster received a Masters Degree from the University of Southern California in 1979 and a BA from The George Washington University in 1977.

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Dr. Gershwin joined the National Intelligence Council in 1981 and served as the National Intelligence Officer for Strategic Programs until 1994, when he became NIO for Science and Technology. Dr. Gershwin had previously served in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Program Analysis and Evaluation (1979-81). He worked at the Institute for Defense Analyses (1972-75) and the Rand Corporation (1975-79). He served as a post-doctoral associate at Columbia and Stanford Universities (1969-72).

Dr. Gershwin has received the awards of Distinguished Officer and Meritorious Officer in the Senior Intelligence Service. In 1989 he received the Distinguished Intelligence Medal and in 1996 the National Intelligence Medal of Achievement. He earned a Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1969 and a B. S. in physics from the California Institute of Technology in 1963.

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General Landry was named National Intelligence Officer for Military Issues (previously titled Conventional Military Issues) in December 1993 after a distinguished career in the US Army. Before joining the NIC, he served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Guard/Reserve Affairs, Office of the Secretary of Defense. In 1989, he was assigned as Chief of Staff, VII Corp, US Army, Europe, a position he held during Operation DESERT STORM. General Landry also was assigned to armored cavalry units in Europe and Vietnam, where he earned the Bronze and Silver Stars. He was an Assistant to SACEUR, commanded an Army Cavalry Squadron in Europe and an Armored Brigade in the 4th Division at Fort Carson, and later served as Chief of Strategic Plans and Policy on the Army Staff.

General Landry earned an M.P.A. at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government, taught at West Point in the Department of Social Sciences, and graduated from the National War College and West Point.

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Mr. Pino joined the National Intelligence Council in September 2005 as National Intelligence Officer for the Near East. He had served since 1983 as an analyst and manager covering the Middle East in the Central Intelligence Agency's Directorate of Intelligence. His assignments included Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Palestinians, Egypt, Sudan, Syria and Lebanon. He served from June 2000 until his assignment to the NIC as Chief of the Arab-Israeli Group in the Office of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs. From 1994 to 2000, he was first a team chief for the Near East South Asian Terrorist Team and then Deputy Chief of Analysis for the Counterterrorist Center and from 1998 through 2000 Chief of the Center's Analysis Group. He had prior experience with the NIC as Deputy National Intelligence Officer for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs from 1989 to 1990. Mr. Pino has received the George H. W. Bush Award for Excellence in Counterterrorism and the Director's Award from former DCI George Tenet for outstanding service.

Mr. Pino received a Masters Degree in Government and Foreign Affairs from the University of Virginia in 1981.

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Mr. Robert S. Williams assumed his duties as the National Intelligence Officer for South Asia in September 2011.

Mr. Williams has served 15 years with the Defense Intelligence Agency. From 2008-2011 he was the Defense Department's Defense Intelligence Officer for South Asia and, during this time, spent several months in Afghanistan establishing the ISAF Red Team. DIA inducted Mr. Williams in 2007 into its executive service in a Defense Intelligence Senior Level position as the Senior Defense Intelligence Analyst for South Asia. He has served as an Assistant Director with the President's Intelligence Advisory Board and has held a variety of leadership positions overseeing South Asia analysis. Mr. Williams was selected as part of the leadership team that retooled the Joint Chiefs of Staff J2 daily global update for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, and served as a senior duty officer in the White House Situation Room. Mr. Williams began his career as a political-military analyst.

Mr. Williams earned a BA degree in diplomatic history with a second major in international relations from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. He completed an MA degree in security policy studies from the George Washington University, Elliott School of International Affairs, in Washington D.C. He has also completed the Intelligence Community Senior Leadership Program and the Leading the Intelligence Community course for senior officers.

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Eugene B. Rumer was appointed to the National Intelligence Council as National Intelligence Officer for Russia and Eurasia in January 2010.

Dr. Rumer came to the National Intelligence Council from the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, where beginning in 2000 he worked as a Senior Fellow, Director of Research, and Interim Director. Prior to that, he served at the State Department as a member of the Policy Planning Staff and on the National Security Council Staff as Director for Russian, Ukrainian, and Eurasian Affairs.

Before entering government, Dr. Rumer worked at the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, CA and in Moscow, Russia in 1993-96. Dr. Rumer has held research appointments at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy and the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, and taught at George Washington University and Georgetown University. He holds degrees from Boston University (B.A.), Georgetown (M.A.) and MIT (Ph. D.).

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Ms. Julie E. Cohen was appointed the National Intelligence Officer for Transnational Threats in February 2009. Ms. Cohen is a career CIA officer and a member of its Senior Intelligence Service. She most recently completed a joint duty assignment as Chair of the National SIGINT Analysis and Production Subcommittee of the National SIGINT Committee. Previously she served as Group Chief for two different groups in CIA's Counterterrorism Center, Office of Terrorism Analysis, worked in the Office of the Inspector General, and led teams of analysts covering the transitioning states of the former Soviet Union and Central Europe, European regional issues, and the Soviet military.

Ms. Cohen received a master's degree from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and a bachelor's degree from the University of Michigan.

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Mr. Brian Lessenberry was appointed National Intelligence Officer for Weapons of Mass Destruction and Proliferation in June 2011. He joined the National Intelligence Council in 2009 as Deputy National Intelligence Officer for WMD with responsibility for the arms control and counterproliferation strategy portfolio. A career intelligence officer, Mr. Lessenberry previously served as a senior proliferation analyst at the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) between 1998 and 2007, specializing in strategic assessments of foreign nuclear capabilities and intentions. From 2007 to 2009, Mr. Lessenberry served as a DNI Fellow assigned to support the National Security Staff. In this capacity, he advised the Special Assistant to the President for Nonproliferation Policy and other senior policymakers on intelligence matters.

Mr. Lessenberry holds a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service from Georgetown University and a Master of Arts with Honors in International Relations from the University of Chicago. He is the recipient of the NGA Meritorious Civilian Service Medal.

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John F. McShane is the National Intelligence Officer for Western Hemisphere and assumed this position in February 2009.

A career CIA officer, Mr. McShane is a member of its Senior Intelligence Service. He has served more than 25 years in the CIA and Intelligence Community and most recently completed a joint duty assignment as the CIA Representative and Instructor at the National Defense University. He served as Dean of the CIA's Sherman Kent School for Intelligence Analysis prior to his assignment at the National Defense University. Other assignments included serving as Acting Director of the Directorate of Analysis and Production, National Security Agency; Director, Office of Asian Pacific and Latin American Analysis, CIA; and Issue Manager for Cuba, Haiti, and the Caribbean, CIA. In the early 1990s, he served as a Deputy National Intelligence Officer for Latin America on the National Intelligence Council and also as the Director for Latin America and the Caribbean on the National Security Council staff at the White House.

He has M.A.degrees from the University of Florida and the University of Rhode Island as well as a B.A. degree from Suffolk University, Boston, Massachusetts.

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