NIC PERSONNEL

Christopher A. Kojm
Chairman, National Intelligence Council

Christopher A. Kojm assumed his duties as Chairman of the National Intelligence Council on 6 July 2009. Prior to his appointment, he had served two years as a Professor of International Affairs Practice at the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University and directed the Master of International Policy and Practice (mid-career) program.

Mr. Kojm served in 2006 as a Senior Adviser to the Iraq Study Group, co-chaired by former Secretary of State James A. Baker III and former Rep. Lee H. Hamilton. From 2004 to 2005 and again in spring 2006 Mr. Kojm was a visiting professor at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University.

Mr. Kojm served as Deputy Director of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (the 9/11 Commission) in 2003 and 2004. Afterward he was President of the 9/11 Public Discourse Project, a non-profit dedicated to public education about the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission.

Mr. Kojm held the post of Deputy Assistant Secretary for Intelligence Policy and Coordination, in the Department of State's Bureau of Intelligence and Research from 1998 to 2003. Previously, from 1984 to 1998, he had served as a staff member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee under former Chair and Ranking Member Lee H. Hamilton.

From 1979 to 1984 Mr. Kojm was a writer and editor with the Foreign Policy Association in New York City. He earned a Master's Degree in Public Affairs from Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School in 1979 and an AB from Harvard College in History in 1977.

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Dr. Bishop was appointed to the Vice Chairman position in July 2010. He previously served in the NIC as the National Intelligence Officer for Africa. Prior to joining the CIA in 1981, Dr. Bishop served as an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Emory University. He began his career at CIA as an analyst working on a broad range of African issues before becoming the Deputy National Intelligence Officer for Africa in 1984. Since then he has established and led a number of task forces on crisis situations including Somalia and Rwanda. Dr. Bishop has held a number of increasingly senior management positions including Chief of the Operations Center, Chief of Africa Division in the Directorate of Intelligence, DCI Representative to the Pacific Command, Deputy Director of the Office of Transnational Issues, Director of the Office of Asian Pacific, Latin American, and African Analysis, and Chief Operating Officer for the Directorate of Intelligence.

Dr. Bishop attended Northwestern University where he received a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science in 1968 and a Ph.D. in Political Science in 1974. He conducted his field work for his dissertation in Kano, Nigeria in 1969-1970.

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Dr. Mathew J. Burrows was appointed Counselor to the National Intelligence Council (NIC) in July, 2007 and Director of the Analysis and Production Staff (APS) in January 2010. He also served previously as Director of APS from 2003 to 2007. As Director of APS, he is responsible for managing a staff of senior analysts and production technicians who guide and shepherd all NIC products from inception to dissemination. He was the principal drafter for the NIC publication, Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World. In September 2005, he was asked to set up and direct the NIC's Long Range Analysis Unit.

Dr. Burrows joined the CIA in 1986, where he served as analyst for the Directorate of Intelligence (DI), covering Western Europe, including the development of European institutions such as the European Union. In 1998-1999 he was the first holder of the Intelligence Community Fellowship, and served at the Council of Foreign Relations in New York. Other previous positions included assignments as special assistant to the US UN Ambassador Richard Holbrooke, 1999-2001, and Deputy National Security Advisor to US Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill in 2001-2002. He is a member of the DI's Senior Analyst Service.

Dr. Burrows graduated from Wesleyan University in 1976 and in 1983, received a PhD in European History from Cambridge University, England.

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Mr. Mark Roth is Chief of Staff of the National Intelligence Council, a position he assumed in January 2010. He has served on the National Intelligence Council since April 2007 when he assumed the position of Director of Strategic Plans and Outreach. He was subsequently appointed Director of the Analysis and Production Staff in July 2008 and served in that position until he assumed his current duties.

Mr. Roth previously served as the Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for National Intelligence Priorities in the office of the Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Requirements. Prior to joining the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Mr. Roth was the project manager for establishing the National Intelligence Priorities Framework in the Office of the Assistant Director of Central Intelligence for Analysis and Production.

During 1986-2002, Mr. Roth served as a civilian all-source intelligence analyst with the Department of the Air Force. In this capacity, he was initially a specialist in Chinese military capabilities and later oversaw production of all-source finished intelligence assessments on worldwide foreign air forces and ground-based air defense forces. Prior to his service with the Air Force, Mr. Roth was a research specialist with the Library of Congress.

Mr. Roth received a B.A. in History and a Certificate in Asian Studies from Northwestern University. During 1981-1982 he completed a Fellowship at the George Washington University's Institute for Sino-Soviet Studies. He also earned an M.S. in National Security Strategy from the National War College, National Defense University, and also completed the Air Force's Air Command and Staff College.

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Mr. Yost assumed his duties as Director of the Long Range Analysis Unit in June 2009.

Prior to his appointment, Mr. Yost served for fifteen years on the faculty of the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University (1994-2009). During this period he directed the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, co-chaired the Schlesinger Working Group on Strategic Surprises, and taught courses on contemporary US foreign policy in the School of Foreign Service. Prior to this, Mr. Yost directed the Asia Foundation's Center for Asian Pacific Affairs (1990-1994) and served as President of the World Affairs Council of Northern California (1986-1990). From 1977 to 1986 Mr. Yost worked in the US Senate as foreign policy advisor to Senator Charles McC. Mathias Jr. and on the professional staff of the Committee on Foreign Relations. Mr. Yost worked for Citibank in the Middle East from 1972 to 1977.

Mr. Yost is the author or co-author of a broad range of publications on US foreign policy. He received his BA from Hamilton College and has a Master of Science in Foreign Service degree from Georgetown University. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the National Committee on United States-China Relations.

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Dr. Joy M. Miller accepted her current position on the National Intelligence Council as Senior Advisor, Global Health Security in February 2010. Dr. Miller joined the NIC from the Defense Intelligence Agency, Directorate of Analysis and is a member of the Defense Intelligence Senior Level.

Dr. Miller served as Chief Scientist, National Center for Medical Intelligence (NCMI), formerly known as the Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center from May 2006 until February 2010. At NCMI, Dr. Miller directed long-term intelligence forecasts on health threats and issues of concern to US interests worldwide; strategic planning for scientific and technical research; and management of external relations with domestic and foreign partner agencies to strengthen analysis and improve warning. Prior to this assignment, she served as a Senior Intelligence Officer and later as Chief of the Epidemiology and Environmental Health Division where she directly supported the Intelligence Community's activities to provide earliest possible warning of emerging disease threats such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and avian influenza

Dr. Miller earned her doctorate in Veterinary Medicine from Washington State University and a Masters of Preventive Veterinary Medicine from University of California, Davis. After twelve years of private veterinary practice, she joined the California Department of Health Services as an epidemiologist in the Cancer Detection Section. She subsequently served eight years as a United States Air Force Public Health Officer, with assignment as the Chief, Air Force Health Surveillance and a unique follow-on tour with the Epidemic Intelligence Service at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Dr. Heer joined the NIC from the CIA, where he was a member of the Senior Analytic Service in the Directorate of Intelligence. During his CIA career, he worked as a political and foreign policy analyst on China and Southeast Asia, and as an analytical manager and editor.

Dr. Heer was a Visiting Intelligence Fellow on the Council on Foreign Relations (1999-2000) and was elected a Member of the Council on Foreign Relations in 2001. He holds a Bachelor of Arts from Loras College (Dubuque, Iowa), a Master of Arts in History from the University of Iowa, and a Ph.D. in Diplomatic History from The George Washington University.

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Mr. Roger Kubarych was appointed the National Intelligence Officer for Economic Issues in February 2010. Mr. Kubarych brings vast experience- over forty years- in international economic and financial issues. He served with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the New York Stock Exchange and was the Chief US Economist for one of the largest European banks. He also served on former DCI George Tenet's Economic Advisory Panel. Most recently he was the Henry Kaufman Senior Fellow for International Economics and Finance at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York. Mr. Kubarych has Master's degrees in Economics from Harvard University and from Oxford University.

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Ambassador Richard Kauzlarich was appointed National Intelligence Officer for Europe in September 2003.

Formerly he was Director of the Special Initiative on the Muslim World at the United States Institute of Peace. Ambassador Kauzlarich joined the Institute in Spring 2002 after a 32-year career in the Foreign Service. He served as United States Ambassador to Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1997-99 and to Azerbaijan in 1994-97. He was Senior Deputy to the Secretary of State's and the President's Special Representative to the Newly Independent States (NIS) in 1993-94. He was Deputy Assistant Secretary of State in the Bureau of European Affairs in 1991-93, responsible for relations with the former Soviet Union and economic ties with the European Union.

Ambassador Kauzlarich also served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs in 1984-86 and as Deputy Director of the State Department's Policy Planning Staff in 1986-89, handling global and international economic issues.

In addition to his ambassadorial assignments, Ambassador Kauzlarich has served at US Embassies in Ethiopia, Israel, and Togo.

In December 2001, the Century Foundation published his report, "Time for Change? US Policy in the Transcaucasus." He is a co-author of "Aid During Conflict: Interaction Between Military and Civilian Assistance Providers in Afghanistan, September 2001-June 2002," published by RAND in 2004.

Ambassador Kauzlarich received his B.A. from Valparaiso University and M.A.s from Indiana University and the University of Michigan. He is a visiting fellow at the Joint Forces Staff College of National Defense University. He is also a member of the National Council of the College of Arts and Sciences at Valparaiso University.

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Dr. Gershwin joined the National Intelligence Council in 1981 and served as the National Intelligence Officer for Strategic Programs until 1994, when he became NIO for Science and Technology. Dr. Gershwin had previously served in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Program Analysis and Evaluation (1979-81). He worked at the Institute for Defense Analyses (1972-75) and the Rand Corporation (1975-79). He served as a post-doctoral associate at Columbia and Stanford Universities (1969-72).

Dr. Gershwin has received the awards of Distinguished Officer and Meritorious Officer in the Senior Intelligence Service. In 1989 he received the Distinguished Intelligence Medal and in 1996 the National Intelligence Medal of Achievement. He earned a Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1969 and a B. S. in physics from the California Institute of Technology in 1963.

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General Landry was named National Intelligence Officer for Military Issues (previously titled Conventional Military Issues) in December 1993 after a distinguished career in the US Army. Before joining the NIC, he served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Guard/Reserve Affairs, Office of the Secretary of Defense. In 1989, he was assigned as Chief of Staff, VII Corp, US Army, Europe, a position he held during Operation DESERT STORM. General Landry also was assigned to armored cavalry units in Europe and Vietnam, where he earned the Bronze and Silver Stars. He was an Assistant to SACEUR, commanded an Army Cavalry Squadron in Europe and an Armored Brigade in the 4th Division at Fort Carson, and later served as Chief of Strategic Plans and Policy on the Army Staff.

General Landry earned an M.P.A. at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government, taught at West Point in the Department of Social Sciences, and graduated from the National War College and West Point.

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Mr. Pino joined the National Intelligence Council in September 2005 as National Intelligence Officer for the Near East. He had served since 1983 as an analyst and manager covering the Middle East in the Central Intelligence Agency's Directorate of Intelligence. His assignments included Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Palestinians, Egypt, Sudan, Syria and Lebanon. He served from June 2000 until his assignment to the NIC as Chief of the Arab-Israeli Group in the Office of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs. From 1994 to 2000, he was first a team chief for the Near East South Asian Terrorist Team and then Deputy Chief of Analysis for the Counterterrorist Center and from 1998 through 2000 Chief of the Center's Analysis Group. He had prior experience with the NIC as Deputy National Intelligence Officer for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs from 1989 to 1990. Mr. Pino has received the George H. W. Bush Award for Excellence in Counterterrorism and the Director's Award from former DCI George Tenet for outstanding service.

Mr. Pino received a Masters Degree in Government and Foreign Affairs from the University of Virginia in 1981.

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Dr. Joeck was named National Intelligence Officer for South Asia in May 2009. He previously served in the US Government at the National Security Council in the Office of Proliferation Strategy (2004-2005) and at the Department of State as a member of the Policy Planning Staff (2001 - 2003). Prior to joining the NIC, he was a Senior Fellow at the Center for Global Security Research at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and an Adjunct Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Berkeley (2005-2009). Dr. Joeck worked on India and Pakistan as a political analyst and group leader in Z Division at LLNL (1987-2001) and was a Research Fellow at the Institute for Strategic Studies in London (1996-1997).

Dr. Joeck is the author of Maintaining Nuclear Stability in South Asia, Adelphi Paper #312 (1997) and two edited books: Arms Control and International Security (with Roman Kolkowicz, 1984) and Strategic Consequences of Nuclear Proliferation in South Asia (1986). He has also published numerous journal articles and book chapters. He received a PhD and MA in political science from UCLA (1986), an MA from the Paterson School of International Affairs at Carleton University in Canada (1976), and a BA from the University of California, Santa Cruz (1973).

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Eugene B. Rumer was appointed to the National Intelligence Council as National Intelligence Officer for Russia and Eurasia in January 2010.

Dr. Rumer came to the National Intelligence Council from the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, where beginning in 2000 he worked as a Senior Fellow, Director of Research, and Interim Director. Prior to that, he served at the State Department as a member of the Policy Planning Staff and on the National Security Council Staff as Director for Russian, Ukrainian, and Eurasian Affairs.

Before entering government, Dr. Rumer worked at the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, CA and in Moscow, Russia in 1993-96. Dr. Rumer has held research appointments at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy and the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, and taught at George Washington University and Georgetown University. He holds degrees from Boston University (B.A.), Georgetown (M.A.) and MIT (Ph. D.).

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Ms. Julie E. Cohen was appointed the National Intelligence Officer for Transnational Threats in February 2009. Ms. Cohen is a career CIA officer and a member of its Senior Intelligence Service. She most recently completed a joint duty assignment as Chair of the National SIGINT Analysis and Production Subcommittee of the National SIGINT Committee. Previously she served as Group Chief for two different groups in CIA's Counterterrorism Center, Office of Terrorism Analysis, worked in the Office of the Inspector General, and led teams of analysts covering the transitioning states of the former Soviet Union and Central Europe, European regional issues, and the Soviet military.

Ms. Cohen received a master's degree from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and a bachelor's degree from the University of Michigan.

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Melissa Applegate is on a rotational assignment from the Defense Intelligence Agency, serving as the National Intelligence Officer for Warning on the National Intelligence Council. Ms. Applegate is a career intelligence officer with 30 years of service.

She has experience in a range of joint, combined, conventional, and unconventional intelligence and operational disciplines. Ms. Applegate was a military intelligence officer in the U.S. Army from 1981-1994; she held a variety of command and staff assignments, and participated in both Operation Just Cause in Panama in 1989 and Operation Desert Storm in 1991. She has a broad background in crisis management, asymmetric dynamics, and global trend analysis.

Her B.A. is in International Relations from Michigan State University. In 1994, she received her Master of Military Art and Science Degree from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College and graduated from the Air War College Seminar Program in 1996.

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Mr. Andrew M. Gibb assumed his duties as National Intelligence Officer for Weapons of Mass Destruction and Proliferation in July 2009. Mr. Gibb joined the NIC from the CIA where he was a member of the Senior Analytic Service in the Directorate of Intelligence. He worked at CIA from 2000-2008 as an analyst on Middle East nuclear programs. From 1993-2000, Mr. Gibb covered similar issues as an analyst at DIA.

Mr. Gibb was a National Security Fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School from 2008 to 2009. He holds an M. A. in National Security Studies from Georgetown University and a B. S. in electrical engineering from the United States Naval Academy. Mr. Gibb served as a nuclear submarine officer in the US Navy from 1985 to 2002 and retired as an intelligence officer in the Navy Reserve in 2006.

John F. McShane is the National Intelligence Officer for Western Hemisphere and assumed this position in February 2009.

A career CIA officer, Mr. McShane is a member of its Senior Intelligence Service. He has served more than 25 years in the CIA and Intelligence Community and most recently completed a joint duty assignment as the CIA Representative and Instructor at the National Defense University. He served as Dean of the CIA's Sherman Kent School for Intelligence Analysis prior to his assignment at the National Defense University. Other assignments included serving as Acting Director of the Directorate of Analysis and Production, National Security Agency; Director, Office of Asian Pacific and Latin American Analysis, CIA; and Issue Manager for Cuba, Haiti, and the Caribbean, CIA. In the early 1990s, he served as a Deputy National Intelligence Officer for Latin America on the National Intelligence Council and also as the Director for Latin America and the Caribbean on the National Security Council staff at the White House.

He has M.A.degrees from the University of Florida and the University of Rhode Island as well as a B.A. degree from Suffolk University, Boston, Massachusetts.

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