NIC PERSONNEL

Dr. Thomas Fingar
Chairman, National Intelligence Council

Dr. Thomas Fingar was Assistant Secretary of the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) from July 2004 until May 2005 when he was named Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Analysis and Chairman, National Intelligence Council. While at the State Department he served as Acting Assistant Secretary for Intelligence and Research (2003-2004 and 2000-2001), Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary (2001-2003), Deputy Assistant Secretary for Analysis (1994-2000), Director of the Office of Analysis for East Asia and the Pacific (1989-1994), and Chief of the China Division (1986-1989).

His intelligence career began in 1970 as the senior German linguist in the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, USAREUR & 7th Army in Heidelberg, Germany. Between 1975 and 1986 he held a number of positions at Stanford University, including Senior Research Associate in the Center for International Security and Arms Control, and Director of the University's US-China Relations Program. Other previous positions include assignment to the National Academy of Sciences as Co-Director of the US-China Education Clearinghouse, adviser to the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment, and consultant to numerous US Government agencies and private sector organizations.

Dr. Fingar is a graduate of Cornell University (B.A. in Government and History, 1968), and Stanford University (M.A., 1969 and Ph.D., 1977 both in Political Science). He is a career member of the Senior Executive Service. His principal foreign languages are Chinese and German. Dr. Fingar has published dozens of books and articles, mostly on aspects of Chinese politics and policymaking.

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Mr. Kaplan was appointed Vice Chairman of the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for the NIC on 20 August 2007.

Mr. Kaplan joined the Agency in 1980 as a Scholar in Residence in Soviet Affairs after five years teaching at the university level and five years at the Brookings Institution where he authored and co-authored three books on Soviet and US military diplomacy and many items for professional journals and the national media. In 1981, he became a permanent staff member as Chief, Political Instability Branch, Office of Global Issues. In 1984 he became Assistant National Intelligence Officer for the Soviet Union and from 1986-93 ran a variety of Soviet-related offices including the East European Division, the Soviet Domestic Affairs and Foreign Issues Group, and the 1991 Soviet Coup Crisis Task Force. In 1993 he was appointed Director for Policy Support and Estimates, Office of Slavic and Eurasian Analysis. In 1994 he became Chief of the Intelligence Training Division where he directed the Tradecraft 2000 Program. He became the White House PDB Briefer in 1995, and in 2001 the Secretary of State’s Briefer. In 2002 he was appointed Executive Assistant to the DCI and later that year became Director of the Office of Policy Support. In 2005, Mr. Kaplan became the Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for the President’s Daily Briefing.

Mr. Kaplan is married with three children. He is from Brooklyn, New York and received his BA degree from the City College of New York in 1965 with a major in political science. From 1965-1970 he attended the University of Chicago and obtained an MA in International Relations and a Ph.D. in political science.

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Dr. Mathew J. Burrows has served as Director of the Analysis and Production Staff in the National Intelligence Council since May 2003. In this capacity, he is responsible for managing a staff of senior analysts and production technicians who guide and shepherd all NIC products-not just Estimates-from inception to dissemination. He was the principal drafter for the NIC publication -- Mapping the Global Future in 2020. This publication received widespread notice and praise in the international media and among academics and think tanks. In addition, in September 2005, he was asked to set up and direct the NIC’s new Long Range Analysis Unit. In July, 2007, he was appointed Counselor to the NIC.

Dr. Burrows joined the CIA in 1986, where he served as analyst for the Directorate of Intelligence (DI), covering Western Europe, including the development of European institutions such as the European Union. In 1998-99 he was the first holder of the Intelligence Community Fellowship, and served at the Council of Foreign Relations in New York. Other previous positions included assignments as special assistant to the US UN Ambassador Richard Holbrooke, 1999-2001, and Deputy National Security Advisor to US Treasury Secretary Paul O’Neill in 2001-2002. He is a member of the DI’s Senior Analyst Service.

Dr. Burrows graduated from Wesleyan University in 1976 and in 1983, received a PhD in European History from Cambridge University, England.

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Mark Roth was appointed Director, Strategic Plans and Outreach, of the National Intelligence Council in April 2007.

Mr. Roth previously served as the Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for National Intelligence Priorities in the office of the Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Requirements. Prior to joining the ODNI, Mr. Roth was the project manager in the Office of the Assistant Director of Central Intelligence for Analysis and Production.

During 1986-2002, Mr. Roth served as a civilian all-source intelligence analyst with the Department of the Air Force. In this capacity, he was initially a specialist in Chinese military capabilities and later oversaw production of all-source finished intelligence assessments on worldwide foreign air forces and ground-based air defense forces. Prior to his service with the Air Force, Mr. Roth was a research specialist with the Library of Congress.

Mr. Roth received a B.A. in History and a Certificate in Asian Studies from Northwestern University. He also earned an M.S. in National Security Strategy from the National War College, National Defense University, and also completed the Air Force's Air Command and Staff College.

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Ambassador Johnnie Carson joined the NIC as National Intelligence Officer for Africa in September 2006 after a 37-year career in Foreign Service. Prior to this appointment, Carson served as the Senior Vice President of the National Defense University in Washington D.C. (2003-2006). Carson's Foreign Service career includes ambassadorships to Kenya (1999-2003), Zimbabwe (1995-1997), and Uganda (1991-1994); and Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for the Bureau of African Affairs (1997-1999). Earlier in his career he had assignments in Portugal (1982-1986), Botswana (1986-1990), Mozambique (1975-1878), and Nigeria (1969-1971). He has also served as desk officer in the Africa section at State's Bureau of Intelligence and Research (1971-1974); Staff Officer for the Secretary of State (1978-1979), and Staff Director for the Africa Subcommittee of the US House of Representatives (1979-1982).

Before joining the Foreign Service, Ambassador Carson was a Peace Corps volunteer in Tanzania from 1965-1968. He has a Bachelor of Arts in History and Political Science from Drake University and a Master of Arts in International Relations from the School of Oriental and Africa Studies at the University of London.

Ambassador Carson is the recipient of several Superior Honor Awards from the Department of State and a Meritorious Service Award from Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. The Centers for Disease Control presented Ambassador Carson its highest award, "Champion of Prevention Award," for his leadership in directing the US Government's HIV/AIDS prevention efforts in Kenya.

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Dr. Heer joined the NIC from the CIA, where he was a member of the Senior Analytic Service in the Directorate of Intelligence. During his CIA career, he worked as a political and foreign policy analyst on China and Southeast Asia, and as an analytical manager and editor.

Dr. Heer was a Visiting Intelligence Fellow on the Council on Foreign Relations (1999-2000) and was elected a Member of the Council on Foreign Relations in 2001. He holds a Bachelor of Arts from Loras College (Dubuque, Iowa), a Master of Arts in History from the University of Iowa, and a Ph.D. in Diplomatic History from The George Washington University.

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Ms. Karen J. Monaghan was appointed National Intelligence Officer for Economics and Global Issues in November 2007. She is serving her second tour on the NIC, previously fulfilling the role of Acting NIO/EGI and Deputy NIO from 2002-04. After joining the CIA in 1985, Ms Monaghan held a variety of managerial and analytic positions, including responsibility for global economic and energy issues, as well as, developments in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. From 2004 to 2006, she served as Deputy Chief of the Economic Security Group in the Directorate of Intelligence.

Ms Monaghan was a Visiting Intelligence Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations (2006-2007). She holds an MPhil. degree in International Relations from St Antony's College, Oxford University and an undergraduate degree in political science and economics from Vassar College.

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Ambassador Richard Kauzlarich was appointed National Intelligence Officer for Europe in September 2003.

Formerly he was Director of the Special Initiative on the Muslim World at the United States Institute of Peace. Ambassador Kauzlarich joined the Institute in Spring 2002 after a 32-year career in the Foreign Service. He served as United States Ambassador to Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1997-99 and to Azerbaijan in 1994-97. He was Senior Deputy to the Secretary of State's and the President's Special Representative to the Newly Independent States (NIS) in 1993-94. He was Deputy Assistant Secretary of State in the Bureau of European Affairs in 1991-93, responsible for relations with the former Soviet Union and economic ties with the European Union.

Ambassador Kauzlarich also served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs in 1984-86 and as Deputy Director of the State Department's Policy Planning Staff in 1986-89, handling global and international economic issues.

In addition to his ambassadorial assignments, Ambassador Kauzlarich has served at US Embassies in Ethiopia, Israel, and Togo.

In December 2001, the Century Foundation published his report, "Time for Change? US Policy in the Transcaucasus." He is a co-author of "Aid During Conflict: Interaction Between Military and Civilian Assistance Providers in Afghanistan, September 2001-June 2002," published by RAND in 2004.

Ambassador Kauzlarich received his B.A. from Valparaiso University and M.A.s from Indiana University and the University of Michigan. He is a visiting fellow at the Joint Forces Staff College of National Defense University. He is also a member of the National Council of the College of Arts and Sciences at Valparaiso University.

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Dr. Gershwin joined the National Intelligence Council in 1981 and served as the National Intelligence Officer for Strategic Programs until 1994, when he became NIO for Science and Technology. Dr. Gershwin had previously served in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Program Analysis and Evaluation (1979-81). He worked at the Institute for Defense Analyses (1972-75) and the Rand Corporation (1975-79). He served as a post-doctoral associate at Columbia and Stanford Universities (1969-72).

Dr. Gershwin has received the awards of Distinguished Officer and Meritorious Officer in the Senior Intelligence Service. In 1989 he received the Distinguished Intelligence Medal and in 1996 the National Intelligence Medal of Achievement. He earned a Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1969 and a B. S. in physics from the California Institute of Technology in 1963.

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General Landry was named National Intelligence Officer for Military Issues (previously titled Conventional Military Issues) in December 1993 after a distinguished career in the US Army. Before joining the NIC, he served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Guard/Reserve Affairs, Office of the Secretary of Defense. In 1989, he was assigned as Chief of Staff, VII Corp, US Army, Europe, a position he held during Operation DESERT STORM. General Landry also was assigned to armored cavalry units in Europe and Vietnam, where he earned the Bronze and Silver Stars. He was an Assistant to SACEUR, commanded an Army Cavalry Squadron in Europe and an Armored Brigade in the 4th Division at Fort Carson, and later served as Chief of Strategic Plans and Policy on the Army Staff.

General Landry earned an M.P.A. at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government, taught at West Point in the Department of Social Sciences, and graduated from the National War College and West Point.

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Mr. Pino joined the National Intelligence Council in September 2005 as National Intelligence Officer for the Near East. He had served since 1983 as an analyst and manager covering the Middle East in the Central Intelligence Agency's Directorate of Intelligence. His assignments included Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Palestinians, Egypt, Sudan, Syria and Lebanon. He served from June 2000 until his assignment to the NIC as Chief of the Arab-Israeli Group in the Office of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs. From 1994 to 2000, he was first a team chief for the Near East South Asian Terrorist Team and then Deputy Chief of Analysis for the Counterterrorist Center and from 1998 through 2000 Chief of the Center's Analysis Group. He had prior experience with the NIC as Deputy National Intelligence Officer for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs from 1989 to 1990. Mr. Pino has received the George H. W. Bush Award for Excellence in Counterterrorism and the Director's Award from former DCI George Tenet for outstanding service.

Mr. Pino received a Masters Degree in Government and Foreign Affairs from the University of Virginia in 1981.

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Dr. Lavoy joined the NIC as National Intelligence Officer for South Asia in October 2007. Prior to this appointment, he directed the Center for Contemporary Conflict (CCC) and taught in the National Security Affairs Department of the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. At CCC, he provided research on a wide range of regional and strategic issues to the makers and executors of U.S. defense policy. Many of his research efforts have resulted in journal articles and edited books, including Planning the Unthinkable: How New Powers Will Use Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Weapons (2000), Nuclear Weapons Proliferation: 2016 (forthcoming, 2007), Asymmetric Warfare in South Asia: The Causes and Consequences of the Kargil Conflict (forthcoming, 2008), and Terrorism, War, or Disease: Unraveling the Use of Biological Weapons (forthcoming, 2008). He served in the Office of Secretary of Defense in 2000 as Principal Director for Requirements, Plans and Counterproliferation Policy, and from 1998 to 2000 as Director for Counterproliferation Policy. He received a Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley and a B.A. in Government from Oberlin College. He speaks Hindi, Urdu, and French.

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Dr. Fiona Hill is a Senior Fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at The Brookings Institution currently on leave as National Intelligence Officer for Russia and Eurasia at The National Intelligence Council. She is a frequent commentator on Russian and Eurasian affairs, and has researched and published extensively on a diverse range of issues related to Russia, relations among the states of the former Soviet Union, the Caucasus region, Central Asia, ethno-political conflicts in Eurasia, and energy and strategic issues. Her book with Brookings Senior Fellow Clifford Gaddy, The Siberian Curse. How Communist Planners Left Russia Out in the Cold, was published by Brookings Press in December 2003; and her monograph Energy Empire: Oil, Gas and Russia’s Revival was published in London by the Foreign Policy Centre in 2004.

Other recent publications include: “Fear of Democracy or Revolution: The Reaction to Andijan?” (with Kevin Jones) in The Washington Quarterly, Summer 2006; “Turkey and Russia: Axis of the Excluded?,” (with Omer Taspinar) in Survival, Spring 2006; “Whither Kazakhstan?” In the National Interest, October 2005; “Beyond Codependency: European Reliance on Russian Energy,” U.S.-Europe Analysis Series, July 2005; “A Spreading Danger: Time for a New Policy Toward Chechnya,” (with Anatol Lieven and Thomas de Waal) Carnegie Endowment Policy Brief, March 2005; and “Governing Russia: Putin’s Federal Dilemmas,” New Europe Review, January 2005.

Prior to joining The Brookings Institution, Hill was Director of Strategic Planning at the Eurasia Foundation in Washington, DC. From 1994-1999, she was Associate Director of the Strengthening Democratic Institutions Project (SDI) at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government; and, from 1991-1994, she was Director of Harvard’s project on Ethnic Conflict in the former Soviet Union, Coordinator of Harvard’s Trilateral Study on Japanese-Russian-U.S. Relations, and a Research Associate at the Kennedy School of Government.

Hill is also President of the St. Andrews University American Foundation, and on the editorial boards of Demokratizatsiya and the Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies. She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. She has been a consultant to The Hague Initiative (an international roundtable on the resolution of conflicts in the Russian Federation and the former Soviet Union, with a special focus on the 1994-1996 war in Chechnya), and has testified before Congress on the war in Chechnya, human rights in Central Asia, the role of the Central Asian states in the US war against terrorism, and long-term security threats in post-Soviet Eurasia.

A Frank Knox Fellow at Harvard University, Hill holds an M.A. degree in Russian and Modern History from St. Andrews University in Scotland; an A.M. degree in Soviet Studies, and a Ph.D. in History from Harvard University. She has also pursued studies at the Maurice Thorez Institute of Foreign Languages in Moscow.

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Mr. Gistaro was appointed National Intelligence Officer for Transnational Threats in November 2006. He had joined the Central Intelligence Agency's Counterterrorism Center shortly after 9/11/2001, and served as Chief of several new analytic and operational units until his assignment to the NIC.

After joining the CIA in 1989, Mr. Gistaro worked on political and security issues in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1997 he served on the Presidential Daily Briefing staff, briefing top US government officials each day. From mid–1999 until summer 2001, Mr. Gistaro served as Chief of West African analysis.

Mr. Gistaro attended the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University and Georgetown's School of Foreign Service.

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Mr. Knight was appointed National Intelligence Officer for Warning in August 2004. He is a Defense Intelligence Senior Executive with over 25 years of experience at the national, departmental, and theater intelligence echelons and has served in a range of intelligence disciplines in both joint and allied assignments.

As the Chief of DIA's Defense Warning Office (2002-2004), and as the Defense Intelligence Officer for Global Trends (1992-2002), Mr. Knight managed military intelligence support to OSD and Joint Staff consumers involved in strategy, doctrine, force structure, and weapons development processes. Prior to these assignments, Mr. Knight served as the Senior Executive Analyst on the Army Staff, where he managed Army involvement in the National Intelligence production process and represented the Army on the Military Intelligence and National Foreign Intelligence Boards.

As Deputy National Intelligence Officer for General Purpose Forces on the National Intelligence Council (1993-1995), Mr. Knight directed the planning and production of interagency National Intelligence Estimates on foreign conventional military trends and capabilities. Prior to that, Mr. Knight was the Army's Deputy Director of Foreign Intelligence, where he oversaw the analytic content and managed the planning and execution of the Army Staff's global intelligence production effort. Before that, Mr. Knight spent five years in Europe analyzing Warsaw Pact political and military developments for the US European Command, the US Army Europe, and NATO. He has also served as the Chief of the Army's European Warning Center and as an analyst for DIA, the Army Staff, and the US Navy.

Mr. Knight has a broad background in global security issues and foreign military strategy, capabilities, and operations. He holds a B.A. in history from James Madison University, an M.A. in security policy studies from George Washington University, and is a graduate of the National War College.

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Mr. Van Diepen was appointed National Intelligence Officer for Weapons of Mass Destruction and Proliferation in February 2006.

Before his appointment, Mr. Van Diepen served for over 14 years as Director of the State Department's Office of Chemical, Biological and Missile Nonproliferation. From 1989-1991, he was Deputy Director of the Office of Policy Analysis in State's Bureau of Political-Military Affairs. From 1982-1989, he served in various positions (including Division Chief) in the Strategic Forces Division of State's Bureau of Intelligence and Research.

Mr. Van Diepen earned a B.A. in International Studies from American University in 1981, and a M.S. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Defense and Arms Controls Studies program in 1983. His honors include the National Intelligence Medal of Achievement for his participation in the National Intelligence Estimate process in the 1980s, the Arthur S. Flemming Award for outstanding US Government employees, and the Secretary of State's Distinguished Honor Award for exceptional leadership in US nonproliferation efforts.

Pat Maher, a 31-year veteran of the CIA, was appointed NIO for the Western Hemisphere in August 2005. Mr. Maher recently completed a 20-month tour as Deputy Director of the DI's Office of Policy Support. Before assuming senior management positions in the DI, Mr. Maher had spent most of his career as a Latin American specialist. His assignments included that of Issue Manager of the Colombia Working Group (2000-2001); Issue Manager for Mexico (1997-1999); and Chief of ALA's Middle America-Caribbean Division (1995-1997). He served in Brazil on a rotational assignment with the Department of State from 1986 through 1988. In addition, Mr. Maher was a Congressional Fellow in 1982-1983, finishing his tour with a stint on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

Mr. Maher joined the Agency in 1974 with an MSFS from Georgetown University and three additional years in the PhD program at John Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). His undergraduate degree is from the College of Wooster. Mr. Maher was assigned to Colombia for two years as a Peace Corps Volunteer (1966-1968) and returned to that country for a year and a half of field research while at SAIS. He taught briefly at the University of Maryland in Baltimore County before joining the CIA. He speaks Spanish and Portuguese.

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